Regulatory Impact Assessment is a tool for improving the quality of the process AND results of stANDardization based on empirical AND specialized studies through systematic AND permanent measurement of the potential or actual effects of LAWS. The regulatory impact assessment is known as one of the tools of regulatory governance, which is used as part of the program of reforming the regulatory system (in the general sense) AND moving towards good governance. Today, the regulatory impact assessment considers the investigation of the potential AND actual effects (positive AND negative) of the regulations according to the three fundamental pillars of sustainable development, i. e. ECONOMIC, social AND environmental issues. The reflection of this expansion of the assessment of regulatory effects in the reform of the regulatory system can be seen in the emphasis on "better regulation" instead of "less regulation". The procedure of the countries is different in which institutions undertake the regulatory impact assessment. Ministries, specialized assessment agencies, regulatory review units, national audit offices, researchers AND independent business organizations are responsible for this. Each of the governmental AND non-governmental institutions has its own advantages. Government institutions such as ministries better understAND the importance of the results of these evaluations. In contrast, the evaluations of non-governmental organizations are more transparent AND realistic. ...

Knowing the components of ECONOMIC education provides the dynamic background of education in this field. The aim of the current research is to investigate the indicators AND components of the ECONOMIC education curriculum. The approach of the current research is qualitative AND its method is research synthesis. The research community is all the articles (211 articles) that have been presented from 1390 to 1401 AD AND from 2010 to 2022 AD regarding ECONOMIC education in curricula. The sample of the research is 32 articles, which were selected based on thematic monitoring, theoretical data saturation, AND purposefully. The research data were collected from the qualitative analysis of the studied articles. By analyzing the data, the dimensions of vitality in the curriculum of the elementary school in 4 factors AND 55 categories including the dimension of individual factors (including indicators AND components related to personality characteristics); The dimension of culture AND ECONOMIC ethics (ECONOMIC fields in the society); The dimension of ECONOMIC concepts AND knowledge (indices in ECONOMIC education) AND the dimension of collective AND communication concepts (communication AND interaction indicators in education) were classified. ECONOMIC education is dependent on internal AND external components in educational systems, which requires macro-planning in this field.

In the concept of innovation systems, the interrelationship between actors is important. One of the most important tools that will shape this interrelationship between different actors in the system is regulations AND LAWS related to science, technology AND innovation (STI). In the literature, especially according to some economists such as Schumpeter, it is proven that LAWS AND regulations could have the positive AND negative impact on the development of technology AND innovation. The literature review has shown that there are three views to achieve a comprehensive legislation in the field of STI. The classification categories are OECD’s rules, technological AND non-technological LAWS AND the prevention of failures rules. In addition, in this research, science AND technology rules AND LAWS as "lows on science AND technology" in other countries are also examined. As a result, the proposed framework is introduced to show the different dimensions considered to achieve comprehensive science, technology AND innovation law. Finally, according to this research, there are some proposed factors such as INSTITUTIONAL modifications AND innovations, determination of important science AND technology branches, comprehensive view about these regulating AND concept of STI, AND attention to dynamics of LAWS AND rules, that decision makers should consider to achieving comprehensive regulations.

The present study was conducted by examining the views of relevant experts AND their exposure to child labor in Shiraz. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews AND analyzed based on grounded theory. Ten axial categories AND one core category were extracted from the coding process. The core category was developed under the title of "INSTITUTIONAL passivity AND sectoralism". The results of the research showed that the causal conditions such as incompatibility AND INSTITUTIONAL AND managerial confusion, diversity of perspectives to the phenomenon of child labor AND non-governmental organizations AND indifference towards child labor has caused the emergence of this phenomenon. Intervening conditions include: negative representation AND conflicting media activities, Inhibition of some domestic AND international rules AND LAWS AND child labor of nationals AND the problem of identification AND identity. This central phenomenon is located in special conditions AND contexts due to family pressure AND starting the work process in childhood, child labor as an income generating industry, child labor as a source of financial support for the family AND the unique opportunity for working children, AND Shiraz's oppurtunities for immigrants. The type of encounter with working children in Shiraz has caused numerous consequences that can be seen Unreasonable increase of child labor of nationals, Failure to contain AND control the problem of working children, lack of proper organization AND social support of working children, Anonymity of working children AND persuasion AND encouragement of nationals to immigrate to Shiraz.

The method of metaphysics: Metaphysics is empirical but depends not, like the sciences, on recondite experience but on close attention to aspects of everyday experience we ordinarily scarcely notice. "Real" is a broader concept than "exists" (which applies only to particulars) AND also applies to phenomena, kinds, AND LAWS, which are real, but not, of course, existent entities. But "there are real kinds, LAWS, etc." doesn't imply that all the kinds AND LAWS we believe are real, are. I call my approach "Innocent Realism" because--though it's certainly not naive--it requires attending to experience, so far as possible, without substantial preconceptions. There is one real world, enormously varied but also integrated. It includes physical stuff, kinds, LAWS, etc. AND, here on earth, a vast array of human artifacts, physical, social, intellectual, AND imaginative, all intimately interconnected. All this requires human mindedness (a better word than "mind" because it doesn't suggest that human mentality is an organ like the heart or the liver). Rather, it's a complex congeries of dispositions AND abilities: to understAND even such a relatively simple thing as what's involved in someone's believing something, we need to take account of the person's dispositions to behavior, verbal AND otherwise; to the neurophysiological realizations of these dispositions; AND to their connections to the world AND to words in the person's linguistic community--this last requiring other people's words-world connection. "Virtual" reality is just one more computer artifact, clever, no doubt, but not metaphysically startling. It's oversold, but this is advertising hype, not serious metaphysics.

ECONOMIC crimes are one of the most challenging issues in the world due to their impact on all levels of society. Iran will not be an exception. Iran's ECONOMIC environment, due to suffering from many injuries, compared to ECONOMIC systems like France, creates a more favorable environment for committing ECONOMIC crimes, the spread of ECONOMIC crimes prevents the government from achieving its national goals in the field of ECONOMIC security AND general crimes. It puts things at risk. While special measures should be taken into account in the field of ECONOMIC crimes. For the first time, the new Islamic Penal Code has presented a concept of ECONOMIC crime by the method of "Exclusive Explanation of Examples". To some extent, it can be said that examples of ECONOMIC crimes have been stated. However, the punishment set for ECONOMIC crimes does not have a preventive aspect, AND the grounds for creating ECONOMIC crimes in the society should be investigated, including: the lack of transparency of ECONOMIC transactions, the absence of a government transaction website. Also, the role AND powers of the police should be expANDed, like France, which has special powers in dealing with ECONOMIC criminals.

Studying the nature of natural LAWS is a central AND basic investigation in philosophy of science which penetrates well into the boundaries of epistemology AND metaphysics.One of the most but interesting subjects in this regard is the "uninstantiated LAWS". In this paper, after explaining two main viewpoints on the nature of natural lawa, the way they treat the problem of uninstantiated LAWS is reported AND their shortcomings are laid bare.

Introduction Monitoring AND prediction of hydrologic droughts AND determining the onset AND duration of drought spells have an important role in water resources management AND planning to reduce the adverse effects of drought. In the present study the characteristics of hydrological drought in daily discharge time series from 20 hydrometric stations in Golestan Province have been analyzed. Matherials & Methods: In this study, the onset AND end of drought periods, mean discharge, effective discharge AND threshold level were calculated AND then sequence number of 1 to 30-month durations were determined. According to the results of Power LAWS Analysis, the intensity AND duration patterns of hydrological drought periods were distinguished. The results specified an inverse relationship between the intensity AND duration of wet AND dry spells. The highest severity of dry spell is related to Nodeh station (Line slope=-0. 26) AND the highest intensity of wet spell was observed in Ramian station (Line slope =-0. 28) which indicated the stability of dry AND wet river flow regimes in Nodeh AND Ramian stations. Also, the longest durations of dry AND wet periods were determined for the Aghghala (32. 89) AND Basirabad (16. 29) stations, respectively, which represents the average maximum probable durations. Discussion of Results & Conclusions: The proximity, closeness to a straight line or parallel lines without intersection proved the homogeneity regime of wet-dry spells in the Gorganroud watershed. Analysis of wet-dry spells using the Power LAWS technique provides a basis to determine the flow regime, severity AND duration of hydrological drought.

The present study analyzes the theoretical framework AND empirical evidence related to product liability LAWS AND examines the different dimensions of these LAWS from different angles. The research analyzes the financial burden caused by compliance with product liability LAWS on businesses AND analyzes the costs related to complying with these LAWS, including direct costs such as legal fees AND fines AND indirect costs such as the costs of improving the quality AND safety of products. Also, the positive external effects of these LAWS on consumer behavior, product safety AND ECONOMIC growth are examined. The study includes a cost-benefit analysis conducted to quantify the ECONOMIC impact of product liability LAWS in Iraq. This analysis attempts to clarify how product liability LAWS can affect the business environment AND what benefits they bring to consumers AND the nation's economy. Based on the results of this analysis, the paper provides recommendations for businesses, policymakers, AND consumers. For businesses, recommendations include strategies to improve compliance AND reduce associated costs. For the policy makers, suggestions are made about improving the legal framework AND increasing the monitoring of the implementation of the LAWS. For consumers, suggestions are provided to increase awareness of their rights AND how to pursue complaints in case of product damage or defect. The purpose of this article is to promote a deeper understANDing of the effects of product liability LAWS AND to improve the business environment AND the quality of life of consumers in